Settlement Monitoring沉降监测系列
Hydrostatic level gauges across three measurement principles and three range bands — 0.01 mm resolution, ranges to 2000 mm — plus layered settlement gauges for subgrade consolidation, covering everything from routine foundation pits to precision engineering. 三种测量原理、三个量程段的静力水准仪——0.01mm 分辨率、最大 2000mm 量程——加上面向路基固结的分层沉降计，覆盖从常规基坑到精密工程的全部需求。
Sub-millimeter settlement, from one pit to a whole district 亚毫米级沉降监测：从单个基坑到整个片区
Hydrostatic leveling networks measure each point's settlement relative to a stable reference cell using the connected-vessel principle. Rasber offers three sensing principles — differential-pressure, magnetostrictive and ultrasonic — so the right physics is matched to each project's range and accuracy needs. On most structures they are deployed together with our tiltmeter series for a complete deformation picture. 静力水准系统基于连通器原理，测量各测点相对稳定基准罐的沉降量。瑞茨柏提供压差式、磁致伸缩式与超声波式三种原理，为每个项目的量程与精度需求匹配最合适的物理路线。多数结构上还会与倾角仪系列配套部署，获得完整的变形画像。
- ✓Three principles, three range bands三种原理 · 三个量程段
From 0–200 mm best-value monitoring to 0–2000 mm extra-large range and ultra-high-accuracy non-contact measurement.从 0–200mm 高性价比监测，到 0–2000mm 超大量程与极高精度非接触测量。
- ✓0.01 mm-class resolution0.01mm 级分辨率
Resolves the slow, small settlements that decide whether a structure is safe — long before they are visible.在肉眼可见之前，捕捉决定结构安全的缓慢微小沉降。
- ✓RS485 to DAQ & cloudRS485 接入采集与云平台
Every gauge feeds the Rasber data loggers and Monitoring Cloud for automated, unattended operation.所有水准仪均接入瑞茨柏采集器与监测云，实现无人值守自动化运行。
One Liquid Loop, One Stable Reference一条液路，一个稳定基准
Every gauge in the network is joined at the bottom by a liquid line and at the top by a separate air line, forming a system of communicating vessels: at rest, all liquid surfaces settle to one common level H₀. When monitoring point i settles, its sensor moves down relative to that shared surface and the liquid column above it grows — the cell reads ΔPᵢ = ρ·g·(H₀ − z_sensor,i), so settlement is sᵢ = (ΔPᵢ − ΔPᵢ,₀) / (ρ·g). The glycol working fluid (≈1050 kg/m³) carries a density temperature correction ρ(T) = ρ₀[1 − β(T − T₀)], β ≈ 4×10⁻⁴/°C. 网络中的所有水准仪底部由通液管、顶部由独立的通气管串联，构成连通器系统：静态时所有液面处于同一水平面 H₀。当测点 i 沉降时，其传感器相对公共液面下移，上方液柱增高——差压传感器测得 ΔPᵢ = ρ·g·(H₀ − z_sensor,i)，沉降量 sᵢ = (ΔPᵢ − ΔPᵢ,₀) / (ρ·g)。乙二醇工作液（≈1050 kg/m³）带密度温度修正项 ρ(T) = ρ₀[1 − β(T − T₀)]，β ≈ 4×10⁻⁴/°C。
Everything is relative to the reference一切沉降值都相对基准点
Hydrostatic leveling outputs settlement relative to the reference cell. If the reference itself moves, the whole network drifts with it — so the reference goes on long-term stable bedrock and its own stability is re-verified by periodic leveling surveys. When all points drift in the same direction at once, suspect the reference first.静力水准给出的是相对基准罐的沉降。基准点自己在动，整套网络的数据就跟着漂——因此基准罐必须安装在长期稳定的基岩上，并定期用水准测量复核其稳定性。当所有测点同时漂向同一方向时，第一个该怀疑的就是基准点。
The magnetostrictive variant: absolute position磁致伸缩式：绝对位置输出
RISTATIC02 reads its float magnet by time-of-flight on a magnetostrictive alloy waveguide (FeNi, TbDyFe): a microsecond current pulse meets the magnet ring's axial field, and the Wiedemann effect launches a torsional strain wave traveling at ≈2850 m/s toward a detection coil (inverse Wiedemann / Villari effect). Position is x = v·Δt — 100 ps timing resolves 0.3 µm, drift stays under 5 ppm/°C, and because position is absolute, the reading is retained through power loss.RISTATIC02 通过磁致伸缩合金波导管（FeNi、TbDyFe）的飞行时间法读取浮子磁环位置：微秒级电流脉冲与磁环轴向磁场叠加，依据 Wiedemann 效应激发扭转应变波，以约 2850 m/s 传向检测线圈（逆 Wiedemann / Villari 效应）。位置 x = v·Δt——100 ps 计时对应 0.3 µm 分辨率，温漂小于 5 ppm/°C；由于输出为绝对位置，断电不丢值。
Three Principles, One Family三种原理 · 一个产品族
Differential-pressure for best value, magnetostrictive for extra-large range, ultrasonic for the most demanding accuracy — together they cover the full spectrum of settlement projects.压差式性价比最优，磁致伸缩式量程最大，超声波式精度最高——三者共同覆盖沉降监测的全部场景。
| Parameter参数 | Differential-Pressure (RISTATIC01)压差式（RISTATIC01） | Magnetostrictive (RISTATIC02)磁致伸缩式（RISTATIC02） | Ultrasonic超声波式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Principle测量原理 | Connected-vessel differential pressure连通器差压测量 | Magnetostrictive time-of-flight, absolute position磁致伸缩飞行时间法，绝对位置 | Non-contact ultrasonic超声波非接触式 |
| Range量程 | 0–200 mm | 0–2000 mm | approx. 100 mm约 10cm |
| Resolution / accuracy分辨率 / 精度 | 0.01 mm resolution分辨率 0.01mm | 0.01 mm accuracy精度 0.01mm | Ultra-high accuracy极高精度 |
| Output输出 | RS485 | RS485 | RS485 |
| Key strength核心优势 | Best value for money性价比最优 | Extra-large range; reading retained on power loss超大量程；断电不丢值 | No contact with the liquid surface与液面无接触 |
| Best for适用场景 | Foundation-pit settlement基坑沉降监测 | Large-area precision settlement: metro operation, building clusters大面积精密沉降：地铁运营期、建筑群 | Precision engineering settlement精密工程沉降 |
Engineered So the Data Can Be Trusted让数据值得信任的工程细节
Most hydrostatic-leveling failures happen at installation, not in the sensor. Our delivery process enforces the details that keep a network honest for years.静力水准的失效大多发生在安装环节，而非传感器本身。我们的交付流程把这些细节逐项落实，让系统多年保持可信。
Independent liquid & air lines通液通气独立铺设
Liquid and air tubes are always routed separately — sharing one conduit causes siphoning and silently invalidates the whole network. We never compromise on this.通液管与通气管必须独立铺设——共用管路会形成虹吸，让整套系统悄然失效。这一条我们绝不让步。
Reference cell on stable ground基准罐置于稳定基岩
Every settlement value is relative to the reference cell, so it is installed on long-term stable bedrock and periodically re-verified by leveling surveys.所有沉降值均相对基准罐，因此基准罐必须安装在长期不动的稳定基岩上，并定期用水准测量复核。
Temperature-corrected fluid工作液温度修正
Readings carry a fluid-density temperature correction, and antifreeze concentration is re-checked on a 1–2 year cycle for cold-climate reliability.读数带工作液密度温度修正项；防冻液浓度每 1–2 年校验一次，保障寒冷地区可靠运行。
See How Each Soil Layer Consolidates看清每一层土的固结进度
Surface settlement tells you how much; layered settlement tells you where. Magnet rings embedded at target depths track each stratum independently — essential for subgrade filling, surcharge preloading and construction above shield tunnels.地表沉降告诉你"沉了多少"，分层沉降告诉你"沉在哪一层"。预埋在目标深度的磁环独立追踪每个土层——是路基填筑、堆载预压与盾构上方施工监测的关键手段。
- 1Magnet rings anchored to the soil磁环与土层咬合
Each ring is set at a target depth with opening claws that grip the surrounding stratum — so it moves with the soil, not with the access tube.每个磁环预埋在目标深度，张开的爪子咬住周围土层——随土层位移，而非随套管移动。
- 2Manual probe reading手动磁感测读
A reed-switch probe lowered down the access tube locates each ring to ±1 mm — a simple, economical routine for short-term construction monitoring.干簧管探头沿测管下放定位磁环，精度 ±1mm——适合短期施工监测的简单经济方案。
- 3Vibrating-wire automation振弦自动化版本
A vibrating-wire option upgrades resolution to 0.05 mm and removes site visits entirely — built for long-term, remote operation.振弦版本将分辨率提升至 0.05mm，并彻底免除现场人工测读——面向长期远程运维。
- 4Layer-by-layer consolidation curves逐层固结曲线
Depth-resolved settlement time series show exactly which stratum is still consolidating — the evidence engineers need to release the next construction stage.按深度分辨的沉降时序清晰显示哪一层仍在固结——为下一施工阶段放行提供依据。
| Dimension对比维度 | Magnet-Ring Manual磁环手测版 | Vibrating-Wire Automated振弦自动化版 |
|---|---|---|
| Accuracy精度 | ±1 mm | ±0.05 mm |
| Site visits到场要求 | Weekly readings每周人工测读 | None — fully remote无需到场 · 全程远程 |
| Installation effort安装难度 | Low低 | Moderate中等 |
| Best for适用场景 | Short-term construction短期施工监测 | Long-term operation长期运维监测 |
Typical deployments: expressway subgrade, airport runways, surcharge-preloading programs and ground above shield-tunneling drives. 典型应用：高速公路路基、机场跑道、堆载预压工程，以及盾构隧道上方地层。
Settlement & Tilt: Pick the Right Product in One Glance沉降与倾斜：一张表完成选型
Settlement and tilt are usually monitored together on the same structure. This matrix covers both — tiltmeter details are on the Tiltmeter Series page.沉降与倾斜通常在同一结构上配套监测。本矩阵同时覆盖两类产品——倾角仪详情见倾角计系列页面。
| Application Scenario应用场景 | Recommended Product推荐产品 | Why推荐理由 |
|---|---|---|
| Foundation-pit settlement基坑沉降监测 | Differential-Pressure Level Gauge (RISTATIC01)压差式静力水准仪（RISTATIC01） | Best value for money性价比最优 |
| Large-area precision settlement大面积精密沉降 | Magnetostrictive Level Gauge (RISTATIC02)磁致伸缩式静力水准仪（RISTATIC02） | Extra-large 0–2000 mm range超大量程 0–2000mm |
| Precision engineering settlement精密工程沉降 | Ultrasonic Level Gauge超声波式静力水准仪 | Ultra-high accuracy, non-contact精度极高 · 非接触式 |
| Layered subgrade consolidation路基分层固结 | Layered Settlement Gauge (RLS)分层沉降计（RLS） | Depth-resolved, layer-by-layer settlement按深度分层解析沉降 |
| Dilapidated building / tower tilt危房 / 铁塔倾斜 | Wireless Tiltmeter (LoRa)无线倾角仪（LoRa） | Cable-free deployment, long battery life免布线部署 · 长续航 |
| High-support formwork / tunnel高支模 / 隧道监测 | Wired Tiltmeter (RS485)有线倾角仪（RS485） | Higher accuracy, continuous acquisition精度更高 · 连续采集 |
| Bridge tilt monitoring桥梁倾斜监测 | Wireless Tiltmeter (NB-IoT)无线倾角仪（NB-IoT） | More reliable remote transmission远程传输更稳定 |
The Install Gates That Keep a Network Honest安装阶段的门禁，决定整套系统是否可信
None of these checks can be done at the factory — each one is confirmed on site, item by item, before the system goes live.这些检查在出厂阶段无法替代，必须在系统投运前现场逐项确认。
- 1Keep every cell within range of the loop高度差落在传感器量程内
Mount the reservoirs so height differences stay inside the sensor's range — beyond it, the differential-pressure output saturates.储液罐安装高差必须落在传感器量程内——超量程会让差压输出饱和。
- 2Route liquid and air lines separately通液管与通气管独立铺设
Never share one PU conduit. A shared line creates a siphon: air squeezes the liquid column into interrupted flow and the whole network fails at once. This rule has no exceptions.不得共用同一根 PU 管。共用会形成虹吸——空气挤压液柱造成断流，整套系统瞬间失效。这一条没有例外。
- 3Put the reference cell on stable bedrock基准罐安装在稳定基岩上
All values are relative to the reference — install it on long-term stable bedrock and re-verify its stability with periodic leveling surveys.所有数据均相对基准罐——必须安装在长期不动的稳定基岩上，并定期用水准测量复核。
- 4Fill to level and purge air注液到位并排气
Inject working fluid until every reservoir level is in place. A cell with trapped air bubbles reads erratically — re-bleed until the reading stabilizes.注入工作液至每个储液罐液位到位。罐内残留气泡会导致读数跳动——重新排气直至读数稳定。
- 5Set the antifreeze verification cycle设定防冻液校验周期
Check or replenish antifreeze concentration every 1–2 years — concentration drifts with evaporation and refills, and an under-strength fluid freezes in cold climates. Check before winter, not after the first freeze.防冻液浓度每 1–2 年校验或补充——浓度会随蒸发与补液变化，不达标在寒冷地区即冻结。应在入冬前检查，而不是冻住后再处理。
Magnetostrictive cells: three boundaries磁致伸缩式：三条边界
The magnet ring slides over the waveguide but must never touch it — contact damages the alloy waveguide and scraps the unit. Keep clear of welders, variable-frequency drives and heavy-current cables, and flag-and-exclude data logged during welding work. A single waveguide runs to 7.5 m at most; beyond that, switch to a segmented scheme. All three are confirmed at selection stage — discovering them on site usually means changing the model.永磁环套在波导管外，但绝不能直接接触——接触会损伤合金波导，整套报废。远离焊机、变频器与强电流电缆，同场焊接作业期间的数据要标记并剔除。单根波导管长度不超过 7.5 m，超过即改分段方案。这三条在选型阶段就要确认——到现场才发现不达标，基本只能换型号。
Layered settlement (RLS): set right before grouting分层沉降（RLS）：灌浆封孔前一次到位
Pre-embed the access tube in the borehole at its design position. Slide each magnet ring over the outside of the tube with its claws opened to grip the surrounding stratum — an unanchored ring follows the casing, not the soil, and every "settlement" it reports is false. Record each ring's as-built depth against its stratum number before sealing the hole — a depth mismatch is the most fatal error in later data interpretation. On the vibrating-wire version, equalize the external spring pre-tension across points, or initial values carry a systematic offset into the whole history.沉降导管按设计位置预埋入钻孔。每个磁环套在导管外侧，爪子张开咬住周围土层——未咬合的磁环跟着套管走，而非随土层位移，所谓"沉降"全部失真。封孔前将每个磁环的实际安装深度对应土层编号记录入档——深度对应错位是后期数据反演中最致命的问题。振弦版本还须保证各点外部弹簧预紧力一致，否则初值的系统性偏差会进入整条历史曲线。
Field Questions, Straight Answers现场常见问题
Compiled from our after-sales records and the fault tables in the field manuals.整理自售后台账与现场手册中的故障处理表。
All points are drifting in the same direction — is the whole site settling?所有测点同向漂移——是整个场地在沉降吗？
One point's reading keeps jumping around.单个测点读数持续跳动怎么办？
Readings respond sluggishly to known movement.数据对已知变形反应迟缓是什么原因？
What maintenance does the liquid loop need — especially in cold climates?液路系统需要什么维护？寒冷地区怎么办？
Our magnetostrictive gauge jitters or spikes — is it broken?磁致伸缩水准仪数据抖动 / 跳变——是坏了吗？
A layered-settlement magnet ring suddenly shows a centimeter-level shift.分层沉降磁环突然出现厘米级位移怎么判断？
From Order to Long-Term O&M从下单到长期运维
Every unit ships with factory QC reports, and accuracy is traceable through third-party metrology institute calibration.每台设备随附出厂质检报告，精度可通过第三方计量机构校准溯源。
Standard products ship from stock; fast response on customization.标准产品现货发出，定制需求快速响应。
On-site installation guidance and partner enablement training.现场安装指导与合作伙伴赋能培训。
Backed by full-lifecycle technical service across four phases.四阶段全生命周期技术服务保障。
Cloud-hosted O&M, remote device-status monitoring and periodic reports.云端托管运维、设备状态远程监控与定期报告。
Often Deployed Together常见配套组合
Tiltmeter Series倾角计系列
Settlement and tilt are monitored together on most structures — wireless or wired, MEMS or electrolytic.多数结构沉降与倾斜配套监测——无线 / 有线、MEMS / 电解液可选。
Learn more了解详情 →
In-Place Inclinometer固定式测斜仪
On dams, in-place inclinometers, piezometers and settlement gauges run as one automated network.大坝监测中，固定测斜、渗压与沉降组成同一套自动化网络。
Learn more了解详情 →
DAQ & Cloud Platform采集与云平台
Every RS485 gauge feeds Rasber data loggers and the Monitoring Cloud for unattended operation.所有 RS485 水准仪接入瑞茨柏采集器与监测云，无人值守运行。
Learn more了解详情 →Need specs, pricing or a demo?需要详细规格、报价或演示？
Our engineers respond with datasheets, calibration certificates and a gauge configuration matched to your settlement range, accuracy target and site layout.我们的工程师将提供数据手册、校准证书，并根据您的沉降量程、精度目标与现场布置定制配置方案。